वर्ग:स्वदेश शब्दयादी

The list of words below was created from two lists (of 200 and 100 meanings) devised by the linguist Morris Swadesh. The words in the preferred 100 word list are designated by an asterisk (*). He used the words as a means of determining the closeness of any pair of languages. It is a useful list of the most common words, which are essential to most languages and may be used in learning basic communication in other languages and even multiple languages at once since, for basic communication, vocabulary is generally more useful than a knowledge of the target language syntax. Sometimes it is even possible to learn basic communication with no knowledge of the target language syntax.

For a basis to expand this list into other languages see the Swadesh Template. See also this Swadesh template with categories and parts-of-speech added. To visit a more extensive list of basic words in various languages (not a Swadesh list, though it includes and is cross-referenced to Swadesh words), see the Appendix:Basic English word list

To sort the table columns here (or for any other table in any HTML page), copy the javascript link from here (control-click the "sort table" link to copy the link) and once you have come back to this page, paste the javascript code you have copied into your URL window and run it. (The other table scripts there can also be used here.) Alternatively, instead of copying the link, you could drag it into your bookmarks toolbar, allowing the link to be accessible in the future from the toolbar. This sorting feature could be particularly useful if and when the categories of the Swadesh template and/or Basic English template are fleshed out.

Assorted Swadesh lists[संपादन]

• the Swadesh lists for the Romance languages of Catalan, Interlingua, Portuguese, Romanian, Lengadocian Occitan, Gascon Occitan, and Romansh
• the Swadesh lists for the Celtic languages of Breton, Welsh, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx
• the Swadesh lists for the Germanic languages of Frisian, Dutch, Afrikaans, Low Saxon, Limburgs, Kölsch, Luxembourgish, German, Danish, Swedish, Faroese, Icelandic, and Norwegian (bokmål)
• the Swadesh lists for comparing Afrikaans and Dutch
• the Swadesh lists for the Slavic languages of Polish, Russian, Czech, Slovak, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, and Ukrainian
• the Swadesh lists for the Finno-Ugric languages of Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, Erzya (Erzya Mordvin), Moksha (Moksha Mordvin), Komi (Zyriyan dialect), and Mańši (Northern)
• the Swadesh lists for the Iberian languages of Portuguese, Galician, Aragonese, Catalan, Spanish, and Latin
• the Swadesh lists for the lesser-used European languages of Low Saxon, Icelandic, Basque, Kölsch, Greek, Lëtzebuergesch, Finnish, and Faroese
• the Swadesh lists for the Sino-Tibetan languages of Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, Amoy Min Nan, Teochew Min Nan, Hakka, and Burmese, all with romanisations
• the Swadesh lists for the Indo-Iranian languages of Persian (+ romanised), Hindi/Urdu (written with the Arabic and Devanāgarī scripts + romanised), Pashto (romanised), Kurdish, Sanskrit (Devanāgarī + romanised), and Romani
• the Swadesh lists for the Afro-Asiatic languages of Arabic (+ romanised), Hebrew (+ romanised), Syriac (+ romanised), Akkadian (romanised), and Ge'ez (romanised)
• the Swadesh lists for the Tupi-Guarani languages, Tupinambá and modern Guarani
• the Swadesh lists for the Austronesian languages of Aceh, Malay, Tagalog, Cebuano, Pampangan, Pangasinan, Sasak, Chamorro, Malagasy, Tahitian, Maori, and Sunda

Language-family Swadesh lists in need of expansion[संपादन]

• the Swadesh lists for the Turkic languages (currently only has Turkish, but see ru:Викисловарь:Списки Сводеша для тюркских языков)
• the Swadesh lists for the Dravidian languages of Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Tulu, Gondi, Konda, and Brahui (needs expansion)